Internal-combustion engine.



PATENTED JAN. 22, 1907.

P. WAGKBNHUTH. INTERNAL comnusnon ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 19. 1905.

ATTORNEYS WITNESS:

UNITED STATES PATENT oFri-c FREDERICK WACKEblHUTiiI NEW JERSEY. lhilTEfiNAL-cQmBUsjllON'ENGINE.

no. 841,830. a

To all w/wm it r n/ay concern:

Be it known that I, FREDERICK WACKEN- HUTII, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Newark, in the county of Essex tion of thefresh charge by the products of previous combustion Within the cylinder.

The'inven'tion involves various other features' of major or minor imortance, all of which will be fully set forth ereinafter, andparticularly pointed out in the claims.

-Reference is had to the accompanying drawing, which represents as anexample the referred embodiment of the invention, whic drawing is avertical section of the engine, illustrating by'broken lines thegovernor and valve operating devices.

According to "the form of the invention here illustratedthe engine isprovided with a shaft 11. I I

12 indicates a connecting-rod which is joined to the crank and toacross-head 14, the cross-head operating-in suitable guides, one ofwhich is shown 'at 15 in the drawing.

. 16 indicates a piston-rod attached to the cross-head, and 17 indicatesthe body of the piston, which operates in the cylinder 18.

1-9 indicates the c finder-head.

20 indicates a hal -s eed shaft driven from the crank-shaft 11 ancarrying any suitable.

der an annular gutter 24 is formed adapted r to contain a lubricatingliquid fed b a connection 25, located under a suitab e reservoir ordronner 26-. The body ofthe piston Specification of Ilettars Patent.

Application filed April 19,1905. Serial No. 266.889.

. stantly lubricating the same.

frame 10, on which is mounted the crank.

may be of any desired material, but preferas t e piston rises a certainquantity-of the liquid is elevated with the dipper, and upon thesucceeding downstroke the inertia of the lubricantcauses the dipper toleave the lubricant and the side of the piston throws the lubricant outagainst the cylinder, thus con- Patented Janfia, 19.07. i

ably of porcelain, and below the packing-rings an annular diplper 28 isarranged. The dipto enter the gutter 24 when The body I'E'of the pistonis rovided with two valve-seats 29 and 30 in 't e upper face thereof,and below these valve-seats a number of ports 31 are formed which cominunicate with the valve-seats and form passages through the body of thepiston. The

v ve-seats 29 and 30 are concentric, and coacting with. these seats is avalve 32, which has a concentric inner and outer sln'face arranged tocoact with the seats 29 and 30, as

shown. The web of the valve 32 isformed with ports 33 therein, and thevalve has a stem 34,'which plays in the rod 16 and in an opening in theshield 35. Said shield 35 is fastened to the body of the piston b meansof bolts 36, and the shield is preteraly constructed of three sheets orlaminations, the

bottommost one of which is formed of steel, the middle'one of asbestos,and the up er one of iron. Said shield protects the va vs 32 from theintense heat in thecombustion chamber of the engine and also serves tolimit the opening movement of the valve. The shield is perforated topermit air to flow freely throng it from the ports 29. When the pistondescends upon the suctionstroke, the atmospheric pressure lifts the.valve 32 from its seat and permits air to flow through the lower end ofthe cylinder and eat the valve into the working chamber. n connectionwith this valve it will be ob served that by furnishing the valvewithtwo seats and permitting the fluid to how around the outer edge of thevalve and throu h the opening 33 a double passe. e is given or the air,giving large areas an permitting great volumes to pass the valve inagiven time. Fastened to the body 17 of the piston out side of thevalve, 32 is an annuiar case 37', formed of sheet-steel and filled witha mass 38 of asbestos. From this case '37 an an' nular shield 39? rises,this shield having a diameter slightly less than .thd-rnaxirnum enter acorresponding cavity in the cylinder-head 19, Without, however,contacting withthe. side walls of the said cavity.

a hen e43 on the cylinder 1,8. Said parts '41 an 43 are provided withannular flanges 44 and 45, of which the flange 45 has atapered-edge'andthe flange 44 a groovededge receiving the point of theflange 45, so as to form a tight connection between the cylinder and itshead. through the medium of these parts. Said parts are relatively thin,however, and owing to this permitting the radiation of a minimum amountof heat from the cylinder-head of the cylinder. Within the ribs 44 and45 a mass 46 of asbestos is arranged, and this asbestos is confined byanarrow annular rib 47, projecting outwardly with the inner sru'face ofthe case 37, forming an essentially pear-shaped chamber, as the drawingshows. The combustion-cavity 48 of the c finder-head has an asbestoslining 49, con 'ned by a sheet-steel covering 50. This prevents thedissipation of heat from the combustion-space. 51 indicates a portformed in the cylinder-head and adapted .to communicate with a source ofair under pressure, this port leadin to a chamber 52in the cylinder-headdirect y above the shield 50. Formed integral with or fastened to theshield is a combustion-tube 53, Which is formed of iron or steel orother suitable material and Which communicates with the chamber 52 byopenings 54 in the top of the tube. Said chamber communicates With thetop of the cylinder-head combustionspace by means of openings 55 and ispro vided at its lower end with interior prongs 56, which in theoperation of the engine become incandescent for the purpose which i willhereinafter appear.

57 indicates the source of fuel, Whichin the present instance issupposed to be liquid fuel, such as kerosene oil. This passage 57 iscontrolled by a check-valve 58, which 0 ens into the pump-chamber 59. Inthis chamber a plunger 60 operates. The pumpplunger is driven from thedevice 22 on the shaft 20 through a suitable connection (indi: cated bythe broken lines 61)and a vibratin link 62, in which a slide 63 is.arranged, said slide being in connection with one of the plunger-drivenelements 61. The link 62 is slotted to receive the slide 63, asindicated at 64, and at the inner end of said slot an en largement 65 isformed, in which the slide isadapted to be received. When the slide isin position Within this enlargement 65 of the slot 84, free movement ofthe link will be permitted without driving the pump-plunger. Byadjusting the slide to other positions be varied so that a larger orsmaller 791mg},- tity of fuel is forced from the chamber 59.

66 indicates a governor of 'anyj desi'red type and which is operated insynchronism with the engine and connected to the slide 63, so that thestroke of the fuel-pump is under the control of the governor. From thepump-chamber 59 a passage 67 leads to a crossing passage 68, formedvertically in the cylinder-head and leading to the upper end 7 of thecombustion-tube 53.. The passage 68 is fitted with a plug 69, and thisis formed with a groove 7 0, running longitudinally from the passage 67to a point near the combustion-tube 53. At this point the plug 69 isformed with an annular groove 7}, communicating with the groove 70, andbelow this groove the 'end 0 the-plug is reduced, leaving a minutetubular passage between the reduced end of the plug'and the surroundingwalls of the passage 68. It will be observed, therefore, that upon thepumping stroke of the plunger 60 a quantity 0 forced through thepassage67, rcove 70, and into the groove 71, and from t is groove the fuel willbe forced in a tubular spray into the combustion-tube 53. Upon thesuctionstroke of the plunger 60 a quantity of fuelis drawn past thevalve 58 into the pump-cham-' ber 59, and this suction-stroke of theplunger 60 is arranged to take place synchronally with thesuction-stroke of the Workin piston 17 so that the pressures on theliqui uel in the chamber 59 and passa as 67, 70, and 71 are balanced andthe ins. will not at this period flow into the cylinder. Passing fromthe chamber 52 is an exhaust-port 72, which I leads into a chamber 73.formed in the cylinder-head. In this chamber operates a iston-valve 74,having a frusto-conical su ace bearing against a seat 75, formed'at thelower end of the chamber 73. This valve, it will be observed, isbalanced in so far as concerns the pressure Within the working cylinderand may be freely opened Without overcoming said pressure. From thelower end of the chamber 73 a port 76 passes, conducting the exhaust tothe atmosphere or to any other desired point. Formed in thecylinderhead, near the bottom of the combustion chamber 43 thereof, is aport 7 7, which crosses the annular chamber 40 and is normally closed byany desired means-for example, by a plug 73.

In the operation of the engine, assuming the parts to be constructed andassembled as above described, the piston shouldbe moved to the bottomcrank center and the plug 78 removed A quantityof liquid fuel should beforced under a pressure of any desired sort through the passages 57, 59,67, 70, and 71 into the combustion-tube 53, and a vol ume of air shouldbe passed under pressure through the passage 51 into the chamber 52along the link the stroke of the plunger may 7 fuel will be ble mixture,which may be ignited through the port 77. This mixture will burn with ablue flame, the products of combustion passing out through the open port7 7. This op eration should be continued until the com- .bustion-tubebecomes incandescent, whereupon the flame should be extinguished and theair-supply cut oil from the port 51. Then upon operating the engine aquantity of fresh air will be drawn into the cylinder past the valve 32and the pump will spray the li uid fuel into the incandescentcombustiontu e. The air will circulate into this tube through theopenings 55 thereof, and the fuel will be ignited. burning with a Bunsenflame. In the operation of the engine the rongs 56 are subjected to theheat and will msure the ignition of the fuel. After the fuel is cut edthe gases of combustion expand in the cylinder, im 'iarting'the workingstroke to the piston. The piston then returns and the valve 74 isopened, forcing out from the cylinder the products of combustion.excepting such as lie in the combustion-chamber of the en-' gineQ Uponthe following downstroke of the piston the valve 32 is lifted and aquantity of fresh air is admitted to the cylinder below the smallquantity of burned gases left in the combustion-space. Upon the firstpart of the compression or return stroke of the piston the exhaust-valve74 is again opened, so as to permit the rest of the burned gases in thecylinder to be expelled. After this is done the exhaust-valve'is closed,and the compression of the air within the cylinder follows until thepiston reaches the top center and a second charge is admitted, the oeration being then re eated as before descri d.

hile the engine is articularly intended for liquid fuel, as descri ed,it may by immaterial alterations be transformed into a gas or evenpulverized-fuel engine.

Having thus described the preferredform of my invention, what I claim asnew, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

.1. An internal-combustion engine having a liquid-fuel pump arranged todischarge such liquid fuel into the working cylinder, 9. working pistonoperating in the 'worldng cylinder, and means for driving the pump insynchronism with the working piston to cause the pump and workingpistonsto exert their I suction-strokes simultaneously. 1

2. An internal-combustion engine having a working cylinder,- a workingiston operating therein, a pump-chamber aving. valveless communicationwith the Workin cylinder, a plunger operating in-the cylin er, and

means for driving the plunger, said meanscausing the pump-plunger toexert its suction-stroke simultaneously'with the suctionstroke of theworking piston.

3. An internal-combustion engine having a combustion-tube thereinadapted to receive the fuel atone end, and to discharge it into theworking cylinder at the other end,- said tube having an air-inletopening. adjacent to the receiving end, the tube also having an interiorprong adjacent to its discharge end.

4. An internal-combustion engine using a liquid fuel, having afuel-inlet passage and a plug in the passage, the plug havingalong-itudinal groove leading to the discharge end and an annular groovecommunicating with the first-named groove and located adjacent to saiddischarge end, the end of the plug beyond the annular groove beingreduced and spaced from the walls of the passage, forthepurposespecified.

5; An. internal-combustion engine having a cylinder and cylinder-head,-one ofsaid parts having an annular rib, and the other of said partshaving an annular rib with a groove in the edge receiving the edge ofthefirstnamed'rib.

6. An internal-combustion engine having a cylinder and cylinder-head,one of said parts having an annular rib, and the other of said partshaving an annular ribwith agroove in the edge receiving the edge of thefirstnamed rib, whereby to join the head and cyl-' inder, and the'headhaving a second annular .rib inwardly of the first-named rib forming aspace adapted to receive a non-conducting material. r

7.. An internal-combustion engine having a piston with an annularmetallic case attached to the face thereof and adapted to receive a Inon-conducting material, and an. annular shell adapted to receive fuelatone. end and discharge it from the other end, said tube havinginterior metallic prongs, for the purpose specified, located directlyadjacent to the discharge end of the tube.

10. An internal combustion engine using a liquid fuel, having afuel-inlet passage, and a plug in said passage, said plug 'aving agroove therein leading to the endo the lug adjacent to the workingcylinder oft e engine, and. said end of the plug being reduced to spaceit from the walls of said passage.

1 1; internal-combustion engine having a cylinder, 8. cylinder-headformed with a combustion-chamber therein, and with an annular cavityoutward from the combustion-chamber and communicating with the cylinder,a working piston operatin .in the [ing a combustioncl1amber therein,anannucylinder, an-annular metallic shell astened lar cavity outwardfrom the combustionto the pistonand adapted to entersaid annular cavityof the cylinder-head when the piston is in its inner position, anon-conductmg material lining the walls of the combustion-space of thecylinder-head, and a sheetmetal covering for retaining saidnon-conducting material.

12. An internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a cylinder-headformed with a combustion-chamber therein, and with. an annular cavitoutward from the combustion-chamber and communicating with the cylinder,a working pistonoperatin in the cylinder, an annular metallic shellastened to the piston and adapted to enter said annular cavity of thecylinder-head when the piston is in its inner position, a non-conductingmaterial linin the walls of the combustionspace of the cy inder-h'ead, asheet-metal covering for retaining said non-conduct ingmaterial, and anignition-tube located in sald combustion-space and adapted to receivethe fuel as it is entered thereinto, said ignitiontube being sustainedby the said sheet-metal covering.

13. An internal-combustion engine having a working cylinder and head,the head having a combustion-chamber, a non-conducting material-liningsaid chamber, a'sheet-metal covering engaging the non-conductingmaterial to retain it in place, and an ignition-tube located in theworking chamber and sustained by said metallic covering.

14. An internal-combustion engine having a working cylinder and head,the head having a combustion-chamber therein, and an I s l chamber, anon-conducting material lining the combustion-chamber, a sheet-metalcovering holding said material in lace, an ignition-tube located in thecom ustion-chamher and sustained by said sheet-metal covering, anannular metallic case attached to the face of the piston and adapted tocontain a non-conducting material, an annular metallic. shell projectingfrom the case and adapted to enter the said annular cavity of thecylinderhead, the piston having a port therein inward of said annularmetallic case, and an auto matic valve commanding the )ort and openinginto the combustion-chain er.

16: An int ernal-combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operatingtherein, an an nular metallic case attached 'to the face of the pistonand ada )ted to contain a non-conducting materia the pislonhaving a orttherein inward of/said annular case, an an automatic valve commandingthe port and opening into the combustion-chamber of the engine.

17, An internal-combustion engine having a cylinder, a piston operatingtherein, an annular metallic case attached to the face of the piston andada ted to contain a non-conducting materia, the piston having a porttherein inward of said annular case, an automatic valve commanding theport and opening into the combustion-chamber of the engine, a erforateshield located opposite the valve 0 the piston, and means for attachingsaid shield to the piston.

18. Aninternal-combustion en ehaving a working cylinder and piston, 13%:cylinder having admission and exhaust also having a startingair-admission port to permit heating the interior of the cylinder and anauxilia exhaustort for the gases of combustion uring the eatin ofthecylports, and a inder, and a valve commanding t e main exhaust-port.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence oftwo subscribin witnesses.

FRED RICK WACKENHUTH. Witnesses? ISAAC B. Owens, JNo. M. BITTER;

